The Nature of Organizational Knowledge

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Organizational Knowledge as Thing and as Process

The objectification of organizational knowledge as 'thing'

"What knowledge does the organization need to acquire?"

The interpretation of organizational knowledge as 'process'

"How are systems of knowing and doing changing, and how should the organization respond?"

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Organizational Knowing as Social Process

• Organizational knowing is mediated.

• Organizational knowing is situated.

• Organizational knowing is provisional.

• Organizational knowing is pragmatic.

• Organizational knowing is contested.

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Organizational Knowing as Information Use

Organizational knowing emerges from three interlocking information-use processes:

• sense making (the making of meaning)

• knowledge creating

• decision making (which leads to commitment to courses of action).